His enemies called him "Black Dwarf", because he was short and dark-skinned. Athanasius of Alexandria fought many enemies during his career as a bishop. The Roman emperors exiled him multiple times. But in the end, Athanasius prevailed. He defended the honour of his Lord Jesus and the Lord used him as a great teacher. Athanasius … Continue reading Athanasius: a remarkable soldier of Jesus Christ
Author: arjenvreugd
Educator and Christian minister. Interest and experience in theology, mathematics, science, and linguistics.
Who is the Holy Spirit (LD 20, Nicene Creed)
Introduction As Christians, our focus is on our Lord Jesus Christ. The catechism took quite some time (Lord’s Days 11 to 19) to discuss his identity and his work. It says much less about the Holy Spirit. An obvious reason is that the Apostles’ Creed has only that short line: “I believe in the Holy … Continue reading Who is the Holy Spirit (LD 20, Nicene Creed)
The gracious Judge (LD 19, q&a 52)
Introduction One day the Lord Jesus will return with the clouds of heaven. He will take place on his throne and all people, both those who are alive at the time and those who have passed away, will be brought before him. He will judge them, declaring the innocence of some and condemning others to … Continue reading The gracious Judge (LD 19, q&a 52)
Christ’s work in heaven (LD 18-19, q&a 49-51)
Introduction After completing his ministry on earth, Jesus returned to heaven. He will be there until he comes back for the final stage of history. While we live our lives here on earth, what is Jesus doing? Is he simply enjoying being back with his Father, basking in heavenly glory? No, our Lord Jesus is … Continue reading Christ’s work in heaven (LD 18-19, q&a 49-51)
He is still with us (LD 18, q&a 46-48)
Introduction When Jesus rose out of the grave, his disciples were excited. They had put all of their hopes on him, and when he had died on the cross they were desperate. His resurrection meant that his work would continue. With a Master who was even more powerful than death itself, what could stop his … Continue reading He is still with us (LD 18, q&a 46-48)
Christ’s two natures after his resurrection
When he came to earth, the Son of God took upon himself our humanity. We speak of the two natures of Christ: he is both fully God and fully human, two natures perfectly united in one Person. In his glorification, the Son of God did not push away his human nature. The risen Lord appeared … Continue reading Christ’s two natures after his resurrection
The risen Lord gives life (LD 17, q&a 45)
Introduction A few days after his death and burial, Jesus came out of the grave. The tomb was empty, and angels were around to tell his followers what had happened. “He is not here, for he has risen!” This was an enormous miracle, with far-reaching consequences that Jesus’ disciples only realised gradually. But it became … Continue reading The risen Lord gives life (LD 17, q&a 45)
Risen or raised?
“Jesus rose from the dead.”“God raised Jesus from the dead.” Which of these statements is the most correct? In the first sentence, the intransitive verb “rise” is used. Jesus is the one acting here: he himself came out of death. But in the second sentence, we have the transitive verb “raise”. God the Father is … Continue reading Risen or raised?
Jesus went down into hell (LD 16, q&a 44)
Introduction The Apostles’ Creed summarizes Jesus’ path of humiliation in three step: “He suffered, died, and was buried;” then it adds: “he descended into hell.” This statement raises questions. When did this happen? Where exactly did Jesus go? These are not easy questions. The “descent into hell” is the most puzzling article in the Apostle’s … Continue reading Jesus went down into hell (LD 16, q&a 44)
Biblical words for “hell”
In older Bible versions, the word “hell” occurs more often than in modern versions. The reason is simply that the original text uses different words, with at least two distinct meanings. Sheol (OT Hebrew). The cords of Sheol coiled around me; the snares of death confronted me. (Ps. 18:5) Sheol is the realm of the … Continue reading Biblical words for “hell”